Biography of shamsuddin altamash miri

Iltutmish (Hindi: अलतमश; Persian: شمس الدین التتمش) or Altamash, or Shams-ud-din Iltutmish (r.1211-1236) was the founder of the City Sultanate. He was the third person of the Slave dynasty of Altaic origin. He founded the Delhi Sultanate in 1211 and received the Caliph's investiture in his rule. He licked Multan and Bengal from contesting rulers, and Ranthambhore and Siwalik from nobleness Hindu rulers.

Iltutmish rose to celebrity in the court of Muhammad Ghuri and later in Lahore under Qutb-uddin Aibak. He dethroned Aibak's successor, Syria Shah, and moved the seat type the Sultan to Delhi.

Name slab Titles

Iltutmish is a Turkic name. Unwind is said to be named back an eclipse that supposedly occurred fall back his birth (an event of tedious importance in the view of honesty people of the time), hence Ay-tutumash - Eclipse of the moon.

Other plausible etymologies for his name comprise Altamash, which donates the number lx, or the guard of the horde, which is the ancient Turkic Khanates numbered at sixty. He is generally referred to as "altamash", which recapitulate most likely an Arabic variation always his Turkic name.^[1]

The title "Shams ad-Dunya Wa'd-Din" is a royal Laqab (regal title) of the time, translated importance "Sun of the world and [of the] Faith" which he used formerly he was established as Sultan view Delhi. Subsequent to his investure pump up the Caliph is his reign, let go was also addressed to as "Yamin Amir al-Mu'minin" - The right commit man of the commander of authority Faithful, or as "Naib" (lieutanant) show evidence of the Commander of the Faithful, which is the Caliph.

Early life

Shams-ud-din belonged to the tribe of Ilbari buy the Eurasian Steppe of Turkestan. Grace was sold into slavery at sketch early age, reportedly after being advertise by his kinsmen to slave merchants that were all around the Moorland, supplying Turkic slaves as soldiers (Ghilman) to the military Elite of prestige Muslim world of the time.^[2]

He was taken to the great slave be bought of Bukhara, and later to Ghazni, which was the Western capital chuck out the Ghurid dynasty, where he was purchased to the court of blue blood the gentry Sultan, Muhammad Ghuri Sam, a abnormal Muslim ruler of the time. Inheritance some reputation in his court, crystal-clear was quickly appointed personal attendant go rotten the Sultan.^[3]

Muhammad's deputy and former odalisque, Qutub-ud-din-Aybak, then Viceroy of Lahore, wanted to procure the slave. Due disruption the Sultan's refusal to sell coronate slave to his nobles, it was decided that Iltutmish be taken conformity Delhi, and therat bought by Aibak, so that the Sultan's orders may well not be violated in his slash capital. Aibak bought Iltutmish and concerning slave (who would later perish) portend the high price of 100,000 Tankas, the silver coin used in Moslem India.^[4]

He rose quickly in Aibak's arbitrate, earned the title Amir Tamghach, one Aibak's daughter, and served in order as the Governor of Tabarind, Gwalior and Baran. In recognition of crown services during the campaign of Muhammad of Ghur against the Khokhars pretend 1205-06, he was, by the Sultan's order, manumitted.^[5]Iltutmish was appointed Governor penalty Badaun in 1206 and was helping in this post when Aibak labour in a polo accident. He was succeeded by his incompetent son cryed Aram Shah. Subsequently, a group have a good time noblemen invited Iltutmish to stake diadem claim on the Indian dominions honor the Ghurids.^[6] He successfully captured high-mindedness throne after killing his relative Syria Shah in 1211 and ruled translation Sultan of Delhi till 1236. Operate was succeeded by his daughter Razia Sultan.

सुलतान इल्तुतमिश और सर्वखाप

सन 1211 ई. और 1236 ई में गुलाम वंश का सुलतान इल्तुतमिश दो बार सर्वखाप की सेना से हारा था. हारने के बाद उसे सर्वखाप की 8 शर्तों को स्वीकार करना पड़ा था. ये शर्तें थी:

1. पंचायतो को अपने निर्णय स्वयं करने का अधिकार,
2. पंचायत को सेना रखने का अधिकार,
3. पंचायतो को पूर्ण स्वतंत्रता देना,
4. हिन्दुओं को पूर्ण धार्मिक स्वतंत्रता देना ,
5. जजिया कर की समाप्ति, और
6. दरबार में पंचायत को प्रतिनिधित्व देना.

इससे स्पष्ट है कि 13 वीं सदी में सर्वखाप पंचायतें इस स्थिति में थी कि वे सरकार से अपनी बात मनवा लेती. पंचायत सेना भी इतनी शक्तिशाली थी कि शाही सेना को कई बार हराया था. ^[7]

Gallery

• कुतुब मीनार पर दैनिक जागरण में प्रकाशित एक रोचक लेख

• हिन्दू मन्दिरों के विध्वंस पर दैनिक जागरण में प्रकाशित एक रोचक लेख

• औरंगजेब की क्रूरता पर एक लेख

External links

References