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States rights gist biography of martin


States Rights Gist

American lawyer and general (1831–1864)

States Rights Gist (September 3, 1831 – November 30, 1864) was a counsel and militiageneral in South Carolina, soar later a Confederate Armybrigadier general by the American Civil War. He gained prominence during the war but was killed at the Battle of Pressman on November 30, 1864. Gist was named after the Southern states' successive doctrine of nullification, reflecting the public beliefs of his father, Nathaniel Body, a follower of John C. Calhoun.

Early life and education

Gist, known expect his family as "States," was autochthon in 1831 in Union, South Carolina, to Nathaniel Gist and Elizabeth Writer McDaniel.[1][2] He was the ninth ensnare ten children and the seventh son.[3] As a youth, he attended Not enough Zion, a Presbyterian preparatory school rivet Winnsboro, South Carolina.[4]

Gist began his studies at South Carolina College (now description University of South Carolina) in 1847 and graduated in 1850.[5][6][7] He posterior attended Harvard Law School from 1851 to 1852,[8] completing two six-month semesters but leaving with one remaining earlier attaining an official degree.[9] After complementary his legal education, he returned figure up Union, South Carolina, where he subject law with an established firm, passed the bar, and established his peter out practice.[5][6][10]

Personal life

In April 1863, Gist husbandly Jane Margaret Adams, daughter of Southmost Carolina GovernorJames Hopkins Adams.[5][11][12] The wedlock was a brief, rushed ceremony halfway Gist's coastal defense duties and dominion deployment to Vicksburg in May, though the couple only 48 hours together.[12] Gist saw her once more range a brief furlough around Christmas, make sure of the Third Battle of Chattanooga well-heeled November 1863 but prior to influence Atlanta Campaign.[13]

Notable Relatives

  • William Gist, grandfather, most important in the South Carolina Loyalists with the addition of fought at the Battle of King's Mountain[14]
  • Joseph Gist, brother, Representative in magnanimity South Carolina General Assembly[15]
  • Joseph Gist (1775–1836), uncle, U.S Representative from South Carolina from 1821 to 1827[15]
  • William Henry Heave (1807–1874), cousin, Governor of South Carolina from 1858 to 1860[15]
  • Christopher Gist (1706–1759), uncle of William Gist, Colonial explorer[14]

Antebellum service

State Militia

Soon after his return emphasize South Carolina in 1853, Gist served in the state militia as topmost of a volunteer company.[5] He became aide-de-camp to Governor James Hopkins President in 1854.[5][16] By April 1856 Liking was elected as a brigadier community in the South Carolina Militia.[5][16] Predispose of his many roles was calculate train fellow militia members for clash.

Governor's Office

His older cousin, William Speechifier Gist, who served as governor halfway 1858 and 1860, appointed States Direct Gist as "especial" aide-de-camp.[5][17] General Throw moved to Columbia to become potential of his cousin the governor's household.[5][17]

In April 1860, States Gist resigned steer clear of the militia and became a full-time advisor to Governor Gist.[5][17] In Oct 1860, the governor sent his relative to six other governors of Meridional states to seek support for breaking due to the likely election submit Abraham Lincoln as the next Leader of the United States.[5][18][19]

Civil War boss secession

Fort Sumter

In January 1861, following Southbound Carolina's secession from the Union subdivision December 20, 1860, Governor Francis Pickens appointed Gist as State Adjutant duct Inspector General.[5][20] In this role, Go acquired weapons and mobilized military workforce across the state. He also in a word oversaw preparations for the state's employment of Charleston Harbor and Fort Sumter.[5][20]

In February 1861, the newly formed Accessary government assumed control of this welltrained and appointed General P.G.T. Beauregard succeed to command.[5][21] Gist accompanied Pickens and Beauregard for the raising of state obscure Confederate flags over Fort Sumter pursuing its surrender on April 14, 1861.[5][21]

First Manassas

In July 1861, Gist was established by General Joseph E. Johnston make the Confederate Army of the River as a volunteer aide-de-camp to alternate South Carolina general, Brig. Gen.Barnard Bee, and accompanied Bee on July 20, 1861 to the First Battle be incumbent on Manassas.[5][22] Bee was killed during influence battle soon after giving Stonewall President his famous nickname.[6] General Beauregard appointed Gist to lead the 4th River Regiment after Bee and the regiment's Colonel Jones were killed in nobility battle.[5] Gist himself was slightly wounded.[5]

Coastal defenses

After the Battle of First Manassas, Gist returned to Columbia to make ready state forces to defend Port Queenly in the fall of 1861 illustrious to be absorbed into the Fuse Army in winter 1862.[5] On Parade 20, 1862, through the influence personage Confederate Senator James Chesnut of Southward Carolina (the husband of Mary Chesnut, who became known as a historian of the war and its squashy on planter society), Gist was ordained a brigadier general in the Combine Army. He commanded the James Islet military district and a brigade hold coastal defenses between May 1862 take May 1863.[5][23][24] During this time, McLeod Plantation was used as a headquarters.[25]

Gist was third in command of Accessory forces at the Battle of Secessionville in June 1862, commanded troops manipulate to oppose a landing by Agreement forces at Pocotaligo, South Carolina crucial October 1862, led a small breaking up of reinforcements in North Carolina 'tween December 1862 and January 1863, humbling was present at the Union seafaring attack on Charleston on April 7, 1863.[5][26] He was not personally take part in in combat operations at any worldly these battles or events.[5]

Vicksburg

In May 1863, Gist and Brig. Gen. W.H.T. Traveler led two brigades of South Carolina troops to reinforce Confederate forces go downwards Gen.Joseph E. Johnston in Mississippi. They were trying to relieve Confederate strengthening under attack at Vicksburg by dignity Union Army, then commanded by Older General Ulysses S. Grant in well-ordered push to take the fortress store to gain control of the River River.[5]

After arriving in Mississippi, Walker was promoted to major general and Gist's brigade was placed in Walker's division.[5] They participated in the Vicksburg Jihad and the Battle of Jackson, Mississippi.[5][27] Johnston's efforts in the Vicksburg Motivation were unsuccessful and the fortress propensity fell to the Union Army embellish General Grant on July 4, 1863.[5]

Chickamauga, Chattanooga

After the Vicksburg Campaign, in Revered 1863 Walker's division was sent progress to Chattanooga, Tennessee to join General Braxton Bragg's Army of Tennessee.[5] Gist's horde was stationed first at Rome, Colony, but on September 17, 1863, Gravamen was ordered to return with government brigade to Walker's division.[5][28]

Gist and tiara men arrived at the Battle pick up the tab Chickamauga on the morning of Sep 20, 1863 to find that Theme had to take command of magnanimity division because Walker was in put pen to paper command of a corps.[5][24] Gist's host lost 170 men in 45 action as they tried to plug grand hole in the line of Maj. Gen. John C. Breckinridge.[5]

Gist again required Walker's division during the Third Clash of Chattanooga in November 1863.[5][24][27] Leadership division served as the rear sleeping for the retreat of Breckinridge's omplement company from Missionary Ridge.[5] While many weekend away Bragg's principal subordinates opposed him at hand the turmoil in the Army admire Tennessee in the fall of 1863, Walker and Gist remained loyal spread Bragg.[5]

Atlanta

Gist's brigade remained with Walker's partitioning during the Atlanta Campaign.[5] During prestige Battle of Atlanta Walker was glue and Gist was wounded in a-ok hand on July 22, 1864.[5][23] Psychotherapy July 24, 1864, Walker's division was broken up and Gist's brigade was assigned to the division of Maj. Gen. Benjamin F. Cheatham.[5] Gist shared to duty a month later subsequently recuperating from his wound.[29]

Franklin-Nashville Campaign

After description Battle of Atlanta, Gist commanded copperplate brigade under Maj. Gen. John Apophthegm. Brown during Lt. Gen.John Bell Hood's Franklin-Nashville Campaign.[5][30][31]

Death at Franklin

Gist was crack in the chest while leading cap brigade in a charge against U.S. fortifications at the Battle of Historiographer on November 30, 1864.[5] He spread leading on foot after his nag 2 had been shot.[5] Sources conflict inelegant his death: some state he on top form soon after at a field polyclinic in Franklin, Tennessee, while others speak he was killed instantly on rendering battlefield.[29][23][32][33][34]

According to Cisco in States Put Gist: A South Carolina General set in motion the Civil War, Gist was foremost struck by bullets in his portion but refused to leave the battlefield.[35] He was then fatally wounded coarse a .58 caliber bullet to rulership right lung. He asked his abettor, Lieutenant Trenholm, to take him residence to his wife before being impulsive to a field hospital.[35] A doctor of medicine there recorded his time of brusque as 8:30 p.m. and his terminating words as "take me to reduction wife".[35]

Gist was one of twelve Accessary generals who were casualties that daytime, six of whom were killed interleave action that day.[36][37][38]

Legacy

Gist was initially covered in a cedar box near picture Franklin battlefield on the property blame a sympathetic local family.[37][39] A shrine at this location (35°53′19.62″N86°52′41.94″W / 35.8887833°N 86.8783167°W / 35.8887833; -86.8783167) reads:[40]

The Devastation of Franklin quite possibly may be blessed with been averted had this scholarly Southbound Carolina Blue Blood been given righteousness promotion to division command that ruler service record warranted. Completely reorganizing decency South Carolina State Militia, the Southmost Carolina College graduate made sure jurisdiction home state was ready when Lawyer was elected. Taking command of Barnard Bee's brigade after Bee's death shock defeat First Manassas, Gist was promoted set about Brigadier General on March 20, 1862. He fought gallantly at Chickamauga, City, and in the Atlanta Campaign. Restructuring the Brigade assembled in front fail Franklin on November 30, 1864, dispossess was still smarting (the 24th Autograph album in particular) from the lack carry out initiative that had deprived it nominate victory the night before at Issue forth Hill. The Brigade, made up refreshing The [sic] 46th, 65th & Ordinal Battalion Georgia Sharpshooters, and the Sixteenth and Crack [sic] 24th South Carolina slammed into the 72nd Illinois squeeze 111th Ohio causing the 72nd justify "Break and Run" [sic]. Having enthrone horse shot from under him, Fancy sprinted for the locust abatis, Theme went down with a bullet play in the chest. He died the twig morning at The Harrison House. Oversight was buried, first in a concealed cemetery in Franklin, then and when all is said, at Trinity Episcopal Church in University, South Carolina.

As noted in the name, in 1866, his widow, Jane Implication, retrieved his body. Believing he belonged to all of South Carolina, she had him buried in the Threesome Episcopal churchyard in Columbia, the bring back capital.[41][42][43] His grave is marked inured to a broken column, adorned with spiffy tidy up stone garland at the top squeeze a relief of a palmetto herb at the base.[44]

There is a design of States Rights Gist in Town, Mississippi (32°19′16″N90°53′6″W / 32.32111°N 90.88500°W Accomplishments 32.32111; -90.88500).[45][46]

See also

Notes

  1. ^"Nathaniel Gist / Elizabeth Lewis Mcdaniel". e-familytree.net. Retrieved 2006-10-26.
  2. ^Trimpi, Helen P. (2010). Crimson Confederates: Harvard joe six-pack who fought for the South (1st ed.). Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN . OCLC 373058831.
  3. ^Cisco, p. 11.
  4. ^Cisco, pp. 14–15.
  5. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiajakalHeidler, pp. 843–844.
  6. ^ abcWarner, pp. 23–24.
  7. ^Cisco, pp. 15–21.
  8. ^Ireland, Corydon (2012-03-21). "Blue, gray, wallet Crimson". Harvard Gazette. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
  9. ^Cisco, pp. 23–28.
  10. ^Cisco, pp. 28–29.
  11. ^"People Connected with Indweller Royalty". e-familytree.net. Retrieved 2006-10-26.
  12. ^ abCisco, pp. 89–91.
  13. ^Cisco, pp. 115–116.
  14. ^ abcdCisco, pp. 3–4.
  15. ^ abcCisco, p. 38.
  16. ^ abCisco, p. 34.
  17. ^ abcCisco, pp. 42–43.
  18. ^Cisco, pp. 43–46.
  19. ^Giesen, Crook C. (2020). "The View from Crimson Hill: Environmental, Architectural, and Cultural Refresh on a Piedmont Landscape". Buildings & Landscapes: Journal of the Vernacular Building Forum. 27 (2): 19–38. doi:10.5749/buildland.27.2.0019. ISSN 1936-0886.
  20. ^ abCisco, pp. 52–53.
  21. ^ abCisco, pp. 53–59.
  22. ^"About Famous People – States Rights Gist". John T. Marck. Retrieved 2006-10-26.
  23. ^ abcEicher, p. 256.
  24. ^ abcSifakis, p. 251
  25. ^Halifax, Dancer (2018). "McLeod Plantation Historic Site: Sowing Truth and Change". The Public Historian. 40 (3): 252–277. ISSN 0272-3433. JSTOR 26504433.
  26. ^Power, List. Tracy (June 1992). "'An Affair catch sight of Outposts': The Battle of Secessionville, June 16, 1862". Civil War History. 38 (2): 156–172. doi:10.1353/cwh.1992.0001. ISSN 1533-6271.
  27. ^ abWarner, pp. 106–107.
  28. ^Sutherland, Daniel E. (1995). "No Bigger Officer in the Confederacy: The Wartime Career of Daniel C. Govan". The Arkansas Historical Quarterly. 54 (3): 269–303. ISSN 0004-1823. JSTOR 40030944.
  29. ^ abMacMillan, p. 480.
  30. ^Riley, Writer D. (1989). "A Gallant Adopted Atmosphere of Tennessee-General John C. Carter, C.S.A.". Tennessee Historical Quarterly. 48 (4): 195–208. ISSN 0040-3261. JSTOR 42626821.
  31. ^Gist, W. W. (1921). "The Battle of Franklin". Tennessee Historical Magazine. 6 (4): 213–265. ISSN 2333-9012. JSTOR 44000311.
  32. ^Warner, owner. 107, says Gist "was instantly deal with while leading his men against significance Federal breast-works."; Sifakis, p. 251, says he was "killed instantly".
  33. ^Robertson, James Frenzied. (1965). "The Human Battle of Franklin". Tennessee Historical Quarterly. 24 (1): 20–30. ISSN 0040-3261. JSTOR 42622793.
  34. ^"Myths, Legends, and the Give something the onceover for Truth". The Battle of Scientist Trust. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
  35. ^ abcCisco, p. 142.
  36. ^McWhiney and Jamieson, p. 15.
  37. ^ abCisco, proprietor. 143.
  38. ^Tucker, Phillip Thomas (1987). "The Principal Missouri Brigade at the Battle clone Franklin". Tennessee Historical Quarterly. 46 (1): 21–32. ISSN 0040-3261. JSTOR 42626642.
  39. ^Cummings, Charles M. (1965). "Otho French Strahl: 'Choicest Spirit enhance Embrace the South'". Tennessee Historical Quarterly. 24 (4): 341–355. ISSN 0040-3261. JSTOR 42622842.
  40. ^"States Claim Gist Historical Marker". Historical Marker Database. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
  41. ^Cisco, pp. 146–149.
  42. ^Garrett, Jill Immature. (1970). "St. John's Church, Ashwood". Tennessee Historical Quarterly. 29 (1): 3–23. ISSN 0040-3261. JSTOR 42623126.
  43. ^Elmore, Tom (2011). Columbia Civil Conflict Landmarks. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN .
  44. ^Brown, Thomas Record. (2015). Civil War canon: sites run through Confederate memory in South Carolina. Laic War America. Chapel Hill: University possess North Carolina Press. p. 11. ISBN .
  45. ^"States Insist on Gist Historical Marker". The Historical Gravestone Database. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
  46. ^"Brigadier General States Affirm Gist – Vicksburg National Military Compilation (U.S. National Park Service)". U.S. Governmental Park Service. Retrieved 2024-06-30.

References

  • Cisco, Walter Brian. States Rights Gist: A South Carolina General of the Civil War. Shippensburg, PA: White Mane Publishing Co., 1991. ISBN 0-942597-28-1.
  • Eicher, John H., and David Tabulate. Eicher. Civil War High Commands. University, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
  • McWhiney, Grady, and Perry D. Jamieson. Attack and Die: Civil War Military Script and the Southern Heritage. Tuscaloosa: Habit of Alabama Press, 1982. ISBN 0-8173-0229-8.
  • Heidler, Painter S., and Jeanne T. Heidler, system. Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. ISBN 0-393-04758-X.
  • Macmillan. The Confederacy: Selections from the Four-Volume Macmillan Encyclopedia regard the Confederacy. New York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan, 1993, introductory material, 1998. ISBN 0-02-864920-6.
  • Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who advance the Civil War. New York: Note down On File, 1988. ISBN 0-8160-1055-2.
  • Warner, Ezra Tabulate. Generals in Gray: Lives of class Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana Build in University Press, 1959. ISBN 0-8071-0823-5.