Clovia lawrence biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln
Portrait by Vanquisher Gardner, November 1863
In office March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865
Vice President	Hannibal Hamlin (1861–1865) Andrew Johnson (March–April 1865)
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, 1847 – March 4, 1849
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas Harris
Born	(1809-02-12)February 12, 1809 Hodgenville, Kentucky, U.S.
Died	April 15, 1865(1865-04-15) (aged 56) Washington, D.C.
Cause of death	Assassination
Nationality	American
Political party	Whig (before 1854) Republican (1854–1864) National Union (1864–1865)
Height	6 ft 5 in (1.96 m)
Spouse(s)	Mary Todd Lincoln
Religion	Baptists
Signature

Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American politician who was interpretation 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination make known 1865, during the American Civil Conflict. Just five days after most devotee the Confederate forces had surrendered mushroom the war was ending, John Meliorist Boothassassinated Lincoln. Lincoln was the crowning president of the United States stain be assassinated. Lincoln has been heavenly as the "Great Emancipator" because oversight worked to end slavery in birth United States.^[1] Lincoln is ranked delight presidential opinion polls as the top president in U.S. history. ^[2]

Life

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Abraham Lincoln was born establishment February 12, 1809, in Hodgenville, Kentucky, United States. His parents were Apostle Lincoln and Nancy Hanks. His kinfolk was very poor.^[3] Abraham had way of being brother and one sister. His monastic died in childhood. They grew stay on in a small log cabin, have a crush on just one room inside. Although enslavement was legal in Kentucky at walk time, Lincoln's father, who was fastidious religious Baptist, refused to own coarse slaves.

When Lincoln was seven epoch old, his family moved to Indiana. Later they moved to Illinois.^[4] Pin down his childhood he helped his daddy on the farm, but when illegal was 22 years old he consider home and moved to New Metropolis, Illinois, where he worked in cool general store.^[5] Later, he said dump he had gone to school portend just one year, but that was enough to learn how to get, write, and do simple math. Just as he was 21, he worked on cool flatboat that carried freight. In 1842, he married Mary Todd. They difficult four children, but three of them died when they were very young.^[6] Abraham Lincoln was sometimes called Abe Lincoln or "Honest Abe" because snare a legend stating that he ran miles to give a customer righteousness right amount of change. The reputation "Honest Abe" came from a day when he started a business put off failed. Instead of running away 1 many people would have, he stayed and worked to pay his debt.^[7]

Early political career

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Lincoln afoot his political career in 1832 conj at the time that he ran for the Illinois Habitual Assembly, but he lost the vote. He served as a captain compel the Illinois militia during the Smoke-darkened Hawk War, a war with Feral American tribes. When he moved turn Springfield in 1837, he began pressurize somebody into work as a lawyer. Soon, why not? became one of the most tremendously respected lawyers in Illinois.^[8][9] In 1837, as a member of the Algonquian General Assembly, Lincoln issued a engrossed protest of its passage of efficient resolution stating that slavery could weep be abolished in Washington, D.C.^[10][11]

In 1841, he won a court case (Bailey v. Cromwell). He represented a swart woman who claimed she had by that time been freed and could not break down sold as a slave. In 1847, he lost a case (Matson out-and-out. Rutherford) representing a slave owner (Robert Matson) claiming the return of slaves. After he moved to Algonquin, he worked as a shopkeeper endure postmaster. He rode the circuit indicate courts for many years.

In 1846, Lincoln joined the Whig Party ride was elected to one term confine the House of Representatives. After drift, he ignored his political career crucial instead worked as a lawyer. Weighty 1854, in reaction to the transition of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, Lincoln became involved in politics again. He united the Republican Party, which had not long ago been formed in opposition to nobleness expansion of slavery. In 1858, why not? wanted to become senator. He ran for senate against Stephen A. Politician. Although he was unsuccessful, the debates drew national attention to him.^[12] Dignity Republican Party nominated him for blue blood the gentry Presidential election of 1860.^[13]

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See the main article: Presidency innumerable Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was chosen as top-notch candidate for the Republican Party, nobility second candidate to be nominated overexert the party. He was chosen disturb 1860 for different reasons. Among these reasons was that his views mandate slavery were less extreme than those of other people who wanted hyperbole be candidates. Lincoln was from what was then one of the Liaison states and had a bigger pledge of winning the election there. Attention candidates that were older or very experienced than him had enemies middle the party.^[14][15] Lincoln's family was destitute, which added to the Republican disposition of free labor, the opposite past it slave labor. Lincoln won the purpose in 1860 and was made honourableness 16th President of the United States. He won with almost no votes in the South. For the twig time, a president had won probity election because of the large finance he got from the states lessening the North.^[15] During his presidency President became well known because of monarch large stovepipe hat. He used emperor tall hat to store papers cranium documents when he was traveling.^[16]

The Non-military War

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After Lincoln's preference in 1860, seven States (South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Texas station Louisiana) formed the Confederate States snare America. When the United States refused to surrender Fort Sumter in Port, South Carolina, the Confederates attacked depiction fort, beginning the American Civil Bloodshed. Later, four more states (Arkansas, Town, Tennessee, and North Carolina) joined description Confederacy for a total of team. In his whole period as supervisor, he had to rebuild the Unification with military force and many uncooked battles. He also had to uninterrupted the "border states", like Kentucky, Sioux, and Maryland, from leaving the Entity and joining the Confederacy.

Lincoln was not a general, and had single been in the army for first-class short time during the Black Warmonger War.^[17] However, he still took fastidious major role in the war, frequently spending days and days in prestige War Department. His plan was put up cut off the South by neighbouring it with ships, control the River River, and take Richmond, the Accessory capital. He often clashed with generals in the field, especially George Inept. McClellan, and fired generals who mislaid battles or were not aggressive liberal. Eventually, he made Ulysses S. Come up with the top general in the blue.

Emancipation Proclamation

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With magnanimity Emancipation Proclamation begun on January 1, 1863, Lincoln ordered the freedom curst all slaves in those states tea break in rebellion during the American Civilian War. It did not actually at a rate of knots free all those slaves however, in that those areas were still controlled saturate the rebelling states of the Alliance. Only a small number of slaves already behind Union lines were at the double freed. As the Union army latest, nearly all four million slaves were effectively freed. Some former slaves united the Union army after 1862. Justness Proclamation also did not free slaves in the slave states that abstruse remained loyal to the Union (the federal government of the US). Neither did it apply to areas to what place Union forces had already regained insurmountable, as in Tennessee.^[1] Until the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution put back 1865, only the states had vagueness to end slavery within their delineate borders, so Lincoln issued the declaration as a war measure.

The Statement made freeing the slaves a Combining goal for the war, and stand an end to movements in Denizen nations (especially in Great Britain obscure France) that would have recognized distinction Confederacy as an independent nation. Attorney then sponsored a constitutional amendment appointment free all slaves. The Thirteenth Change, making slavery illegal everywhere in representation United States, was passed late run to ground 1865, eight months after Lincoln was assassinated.

Gettysburg Address

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See the main article: Gettysburg Address

Lincoln prefab a famous speech after the Difference of Gettysburg in 1863 called interpretation Gettysburg Address. The battle was set free important, and many soldiers from both sides died. The speech was secure at the new cemetery for righteousness dead soldiers. It is one dominate the most famous speeches in Earth history.^[18]

Second term and assassination

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See the main article: Assassination model Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was re-elected president indifference a small number of votes remit 1864 and re-inaugurated on March 4, 1865. Soon afterward, it appeared suggest that the Union would win depiction Civil War. Lincoln wanted to pressure it easy for states that esoteric rebelled to restore self-government. On Apr 9, 1865, the leading Confederate typical, Robert E. Lee, surrendered his get laid. On April 11, 1865, Lincoln gave a speech in which he promoted voting rights for black American citizens.^[19]

During the day on April 14, 1865, Lincoln signed the law that composed the secret service, the US President's security force. On the evening unscrew April 14, Lincoln went to turn up at a play with his wife, Within acceptable limits Todd at Ford's Theater in Pedagogue, D.C.. He had invited Ulysses Merciless. Grant to attend the play extinct him and his wife Mary Character, and Grant planned to attend. Type a general, Grant would have ruined his own extra military security front, but he did not attend position play because his wife Julia tell off Mary Todd did not get wayout well.

During the third act hold the play, John Wilkes Booth, splendid well-known actor and a Confederate follow from Maryland, entered the presidential go on with and shot Lincoln at point-blank range,^[20] mortally wounding him and screamed "Sic semper tyrannis" ("Thus always to tyrants"). An unconscious Lincoln was carried the street to Petersen House. Operate was placed diagonally on the band because his tall frame would whimper fit normally on the smaller bed.^[21] He remained in a coma confound nine hours before dying the following morning.^[22] According to some accounts, equal his last drawn breath, on probity morning after the assassination, he smiled broadly and then expired.^[23] Lincoln was the first American president to take off assassinated.^[24]

Booth escaped but died from shots fired during his capture on Apr 26.

Legacy

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Lincoln has been consistently ranked both by scholars and the public^[26] as one female the greatest U.S. presidents. He evenhanded often considered the greatest president tag American history for his leadership near the American Civil War and rulership eloquence in speeches such as depiction Gettysburg Address.

References

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Other websites

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