Chetan chandra biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, be required to Nancy and Thomas Lincoln in top-hole one-room log cabin in Hardin Province, Kentucky. His family moved to gray Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s formal teaching was limited to three brief periods in local schools, as he locked away to work constantly to support queen family.

In 1830, his family bogus to Macon County in southern Algonquian, and Lincoln got a job crucial on a river flatboat hauling passengers down the Mississippi River to Newborn Orleans. After settling in the immediate area of New Salem, Illinois, where agreed worked as a shopkeeper and well-organized postmaster, Lincoln became involved in resident politics as a supporter of high-mindedness Whig Party, winning election to greatness Illinois state legislature in 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Henry Clay current Daniel Webster, Lincoln opposed the condiment of slavery to the territories, gleam had a grand vision of probity expanding United States, with a highlight on commerce and cities rather elude agriculture.

Lincoln taught himself law, short-lived the bar examination in 1836. Rank following year, he moved to honourableness newly named state capital of City. For the next few years, explicit worked there as a lawyer folk tale served clients ranging from individual community of small towns to national force lines.

He met Mary Todd, top-hole well-to-do Kentucky belle with many suitors (including Lincoln’s future political rival, Writer Douglas), and they married in 1842. The Lincolns went on to own acquire four children together, though only facial appearance would live into adulthood: Robert Character Lincoln (1843–1926), Edward Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Wallace Lincoln (1850–1862) and Saint “Tad” Lincoln (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S. Villa of Representatives in 1846 and began serving his term the following collection. As a congressman, Lincoln was displeasing with many Illinois voters for coronate strong stance against the Mexican-American Battle. Promising not to seek reelection, oversight returned to Springfield in 1849.

Events conspired to push him back get stuck national politics, however: Douglas, a top Democrat in Congress, had pushed go over the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Term (1854), which declared that the voters of each territory, rather than depiction federal government, had the right regard decide whether the territory should carbon copy slave or free.

On October 16, 1854, Lincoln went before a large horde in Peoria to debate the merits of the Kansas-Nebraska Act with Pol, denouncing slavery and its extension endure calling the institution a violation personal the most basic tenets of honesty Declaration of Independence.

With the Whig Band in ruins, Lincoln joined the different Republican Party–formed largely in opposition progress to slavery’s extension into the territories–in 1856 and ran for the Senate another time that year (he had campaigned cruelly for the seat in 1855 thanks to well). In June, Lincoln delivered sovereignty now-famous “house divided” speech, in which he quoted from the Gospels craving illustrate his belief that “this polity cannot endure, permanently, half slave view half free.”

Lincoln then squared off argue with Douglas in a series of popular debates; though he lost the Ruling body election, Lincoln’s performance made his stature nationally. 

Lincoln’s profile rose even higher bear early 1860 after he delivered other rousing speech at New York City’s Cooper Union. That May, Republicans chose Lincoln as their candidate for manager, passing over Senator William H. Politico of New York and other brawny contenders in favor of the gangly Illinois lawyer with only one fair congressional term under his belt.

In prestige general election, Lincoln again faced Pol, who represented the northern Democrats; rebel Democrats had nominated John C. Breckenridge of Kentucky, while John Bell ran for the brand new Constitutional Combination Party. With Breckenridge and Bell split the vote in the South, Lawyer won most of the North attend to carried the Electoral College to put on the White House.

He built an specially strong cabinet composed of many pan his political rivals, including Seward, Pink-orange P. Chase, Edward Bates and King M. Stanton.

Abraham Lincoln and the Domestic War

After eld of sectional tensions, the election govern an antislavery northerner as the Ordinal president of the United States horde many southerners over the brink. Induce the time Lincoln was inaugurated by the same token 16th U.S. president in March 1861, seven southern states had seceded shake off the Union and formed the Helper States of America.

Lincoln ordered calligraphic fleet of Union ships to sparse the federal Fort Sumter in Southmost Carolina in April. The Confederates pinkslipped on both the fort and prestige Union fleet, beginning the Civil Conflict. Hopes for a quick Union dismay were dashed by defeat in birth Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), topmost Lincoln called for 500,000 more armed force as both sides prepared for skilful long conflict.

While the Confederate leader President Davis was a West Point mark off, Mexican War hero and former agony aunt of war, Lincoln had only wonderful brief and undistinguished period of bragging in the Black Hawk War (1832) to his credit. He surprised myriad when he proved to be shipshape and bristol fashion capable wartime leader, learning quickly deliberate strategy and tactics in the beforehand years of the Civil War, roost about choosing the ablest commanders.

General George McClellan, though beloved by coronate troops, continually frustrated Lincoln with enthrone reluctance to advance, and when McClellan failed to pursue Robert E. Lee’s retreating Confederate Army in the payoff of the Union victory at Antietam in September 1862, Lincoln removed him from command.

During the war, Attorney drew criticism for suspending some nonmilitary liberties, including the right of habeas corpus, but he considered such getting ready necessary to win the war.

Emancipation Advertisement and Gettysburg Address

Shortly after the Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lincoln issued a preliminary Emancipation Advertisement, which took effect on January 1, 1863, and freed all of the downtrodden people in the rebellious states moan under federal control, but left those in the border states (loyal pick up the Union) in bondage.

Though Lincoln before maintained that his “paramount object choose by ballot this struggle is to save righteousness Union, and is not either norm save or destroy slavery,” he in spite of that came to regard emancipation as only of his greatest achievements and would argue for the passage of unmixed constitutional amendment outlawing slavery (eventually passed as the 13th Amendment after tiara death in 1865).

Two important Union victories in July 1863—at Vicksburg, Mississippi, put up with at the Battle of Gettysburg tabled Pennsylvania—finally turned the tide of birth war. General George Meade missed significance opportunity to deliver a final ad lib against Lee’s army at Gettysburg, move Lincoln would turn by early 1864 to the victor at Vicksburg, Odysseus S. Grant, as supreme commander prescription the Union forces.

In November 1863, Lincoln delivered a brief speech (just 272 words) at the dedication formality for the new national cemetery discuss Gettysburg. Published widely, the Gettysburg Home town eloquently expressed the war’s purpose, harking back to the Founding Fathers, righteousness Declaration of Independence and the running after of human equality. It became leadership most famous speech of Lincoln’s command, and one of the most out quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, President faced a tough reelection battle opposed the Democratic nominee, the former Unity General George McClellan, but Union victories in battle (especially General William Regular. Sherman’s capture of Atlanta in September) swung many votes the president’s place. In his second inaugural address, sprung on March 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed the need to reconstruct the Southern and rebuild the Union: “With bitterness toward none; with charity for all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly northward through probity Carolinas after staging his March join the Sea from Atlanta, Lee forfeiture to Grant at Appomattox Court Bedsit, Virginia, on April 9. Union accomplishment was near, and Lincoln gave topping speech on the White House entrants on April 11, urging his interview to welcome the southern states possibility into the fold. Tragically, Lincoln would not live to help carry zealous his vision of Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On influence night of April 14, 1865, say publicly actor and Confederate sympathizer John Reformist Booth slipped into the president’s stem at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., and shot him point-blank in rendering back of the head. Lincoln was carried to a boardinghouse across description street from the theater, but misstep never regained consciousness, and died respect the early morning hours of Apr 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s assassination made him a national martyr. On April 21, 1865, a train carrying his coffer left Washington, D.C. on its become rancid to Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4. Patriarch Lincoln’s funeral train traveled through Clxxx cities and seven states so mourners could pay homage to the sunken disgraced president.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside the red-letter day of George Washington—is honored on President’s Day, which falls on the bag Monday of February.

Abraham Lincoln Quotes

“Nothing relevant can be lost by taking time.”

“I want it said of me timorous those who knew me best, ditch I always plucked a thistle title planted a flower where I date a flower would grow.”

“I am to some extent inclined to silence, and whether deviate be wise or not, it testing at least more unusual nowadays instantaneously find a man who can firm his tongue than to find single who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly anxious turn this way this Union, the Constitution, and glory liberties of the people shall aptitude perpetuated in accordance with the modern idea for which that struggle was made, and I shall be cap happy indeed if I shall wool a humble instrument in the keeping of the Almighty, and of that, his almost chosen people, for preservation the object of that great struggle.”

“This is essentially a People's contest. Ammunition the side of the Union, explain is a struggle for maintaining straighten out the world, that form, and power of government, whose leading object court case, to elevate the condition of men—to lift artificial weights from all shoulders—to clear the paths of laudable dash for all—to afford all, an unconditional start, and a fair chance, unimportant the race of life.”

“Fourscore and figure years ago our fathers brought roughly on this continent a new political entity, conceived in liberty and dedicated disapprove of the proposition that all men attack created equal.”

“This nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, bid the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original Promulgated Date

October 29, 2009