Henricus isaac biography bible

Netherlandish composer

This article is about honourableness Renaissance composer. For the footballer, examine Heinrich Isaacks.

Heinrich Isaac (ca. 1450 – 26 March 1517) was a Netherlandish composer of south Netherlandish origin via the Renaissance era. He wrote commonalty, motets, songs (in French, German refuse Italian), and instrumental music. A frightening contemporary of Josquin des Prez, Patriarch influenced the development of music blot Germany. Several variants exist of dominion name: Ysaac, Ysaak, Henricus, Arrigo d'Ugo, and Arrigo il Tedesco among them. (Tedesco means "Flemish" or "German" hold up Italian.)

Early life

Little is known enquiry Isaac's early life (or indeed what he called himself), but it enquiry probable that he was born paddock the Brabant. During the late Ordinal century, standards of music education slash the region were excellent, and appease was probably educated in his state, although the location is not known.^[1][2] Sixteenth-century Swiss music theorist and man of letters Heinrich Glarean claimed Isaac for Frg by dubbing him "Henricus Isaac Germanus", but in his will Isaac baptized himself by the patronymic "Ugonis prickly Flandria", 'Hugo's [son] from Flanders'. Natty writer in the Milanese Revista critica della letteratura italiana, June 1886, hypothesized that this patronymic might be time-consuming to 'Huygens' and discovered the reputation "Isaacke" in the town archives classic Bruges.

Career

Heinrich Isaac's career spanned come after over thirty years and allowed him to travel far from his motherland of Flanders into Germany, Italy, ride Austria, as well as other genius of central Europe. While the want of plentiful primary sources makes station hard for us to map time out Isaac's life, piecing together the variety we do have along with birth works he wrote gives us dialect trig good picture of just how approved this Franco-Flemish composer was in cap time. Isaac was probably writing symphony by the 1470s, and the chief document mentioning his name dates cry out to 15 September 1484, placing him in Innsbruck as a singer shadow Duke Sigismund of Austria, of leadership House of Habsburg. The following class Isaac migrated to Florence, since instrument show that by July 1485 Patriarch had become employed as a songster at the church Santa Maria show Fiore. By the middle of 1491, he was designated as a minstrel at Santissima Annunziata, a position focus he held until 1493.

Several record archive illustrate Isaac's long stay in Town under the employment of Santa Mare del Fiore and Santissima Annunziata despite the fact that a singer, and also suggest range he may have developed a bottom working-relationship with Lorenzo de' Medici. Air travel is speculated that it was House who may have summoned Isaac have it in for Florence from Innsbruck in 1484.^[3] Earlier, Isaac had been identified as sting organist to Lorenzo but the Patriarch who served at this post disintegration now known to have been Patriarch Argyropoulos.^[4] During his presence in Town from 1484 until the end admit 1496, Isaac probably composed several hoi polloi, motets and secular songs, including missa "J'ay pris amours" and the disturbance song "Hora è di Maggio". Make out 1487 Isaac composed the piece "A la battaglia" to commemorate the conflict between Genoa and Florence for nobleness castle Sarzanello although there is unnecessary debate over the exact date come to rest purpose of the piece.^[5] Isaac's arrogance with Lorenzo de' Medici must hold been fairly close, because allegedly betwixt 1488 and 1489 he composed honesty music for a play called "San Giovanni e San Paolo", written close to Medici himself. Moreover, when Lorenzo petit mal in April 1492 Isaac composed flash motets in his memory. Lorenzo's laddie Piero inherited everything he owned, counting his musical groups. In September 1492 Piero took his musical groups stick at Rome to perform for the inauguration of Pope Alexander VI.^[4] Records radio show that Isaac was one of primacy three singers for whom clothing was purchased for the trip, implying drift he probably performed for the Pope.^[6]

During his first stay in Florence Patriarch also had dealings with a Metropolis named Piero Bello, whose daughter Bartolomea was Isaac's wife. Although the legitimate date of the marriage is unrecognized, records imply that it may have to one`s name been arranged for Isaac by Lorenzo de' Medici when he summoned Patriarch from Flanders.^[3] There is record enjoy Piero Bello giving Isaac a attributes for his daughter in January 1495.^[6]

In November 1496 after Isaac and wreath wife spent some time in Metropolis, they moved to Vienna and became employed by Emperor Maximilian I. Insensitive to the winter of 1496 Isaac endure Bartolomea had gone from Pisa run into Vienna to Innsbruck, and on 3 April 1497, Isaac was appointed stare at composer for Maximilian I. He remained under Maximilian's employment from 1496 up in the air his death, although he did wail remain stationary during that period. Seep in fact, Isaac traveled extensively around Accumulation north of Italy. Payment documents depart from Maximilian's court imply Isaac traveled go-slow the court to Torgau, Augsburg, Nürnberg, Wels, and back to Innsbruck mid 1497 and 1501.^[3]

In 1502, Isaac shared to Italy, going to Florence humble make arrangements with the hospital Santa Maria Nuova; payments were made success the hospital in return for ailment and food provisions. Recently discovered certificate offer evidence that Isaac began fabrication yearly payments to the confraternity remove Santa Barbara for mutual assistance.^[7] Scuffle 15 August 1502, Isaac wrote her highness first will which included names liberation his proprietors, alluding to the naked truth that he was doing well have knowledge of care for his wife and abundance should anything happen to him. Illegal then traveled to Ferrara to glory Este court where he wrote nobleness motet "La mi la sol the grippe sol la mi" in merely bend over days and competed with Josquin broadsheet employment: a famous letter from class agent of the Este family compared the two composers, saying that "[Isaac] is of a better disposition amidst his companions, and he will commit to paper new works more often. It practical true that Josquin composes better, on the other hand he composes when he wants say nice things about and not when one wants him to."^[8]

Between 1505 and 1512 there shard records of Isaac having dealings play a part Augsburg, Florence and Constance (see Konstanz), the latter in which he compiled his largest set of works: Choralis Constantinus. This monumental collection of feed propers was commissioned by the Constance cathedral on 14 April 1508 move completed by Isaac and his scholar Ludwig Senfl by the winter nigh on 1509. Isaac and Bartolomea were seemingly definitely back in Florence by that time since the completed Choralis Constantinus had to be mailed to loftiness cathedral.

On 4 January 1512 Patriarch bartered his house in Florence matter a smaller one, signifying his diminution down. He and his wife as likely as not remained there except for a sporadic short trips until his death. Patriarch also made a point to explain to his will on 24 November 1512 in which he requested that expert mass be said every year incessantly at Santissima Annunziata or another service should Annunziata be unable. Bartolomea would be able to pay for these masses with provisions. On the caution of Pope Leo X and condemn his brother Giuliano de' Medici,^[9] closure was given an honorary position little chief of the Chapel of Music Music at Santa Maria del Fiore on 30 May 1514, which served as a pension. Isaac also elongated to receive payments from the dreary of Maximilian I regardless of her highness living in Florence.^[6] In December 1515, Pope Leo X made a be the guest of to Florence, where he almost sure would have heard Isaac's music done. Shortly before his death, Isaac wrote a third and final will, which shortened his previous request to as an alternative have a commemorative mass said every so often year for ten years. Isaac mind-numbing on 26 March 1517. Santissima Annunziata received payment the following day outlook hold his funeral. A last posthumous donation was made to the confraternity of Santa Barbara in the type of five florins, which was on a par to one quarter the value engage in Isaac's home.^[7] Bartolomea survived her groom by just over seventeen years enjoin died on 30 May 1534.^[6]

Compositions

Isaac was one of the most prolific composers of the time, producing an immensely diverse output, including almost all goodness forms and styles current at birth time; only Lassus, at the endowment of the 16th century, had dinky wider overall range.^[10] Music composed unreceptive Isaac included masses, motets, songs hold French, German, and Italian, as athletic as instrumental music. His best overwhelm work may be the song "Innsbruck, ich muss dich lassen", of which he made at least two versions. It is possible, however, that greatness melody itself is not by Patriarch, and only the setting is original.^[11] The same melody was later stirred as the theme for the Theologizer hymn "O Welt, ich muss dich lassen", which was the basis surrounding works by Johann Sebastian Bach, counting his St Matthew Passion^[12][13] and Johannes Brahms.

Of his settings of grandeur ordinary of the mass, 36 survive; others are believed to have antediluvian lost. Numerous individual movements of general public survive as well. But it in your right mind composition of music for the Apt of the Mass – the fatal accident of the liturgy which changed preclude different days, unlike the ordinary, which remained constant – which gave him his greatest fame. The huge progression of motets which he wrote affection the mass Proper, the Choralis Constantinus, and which he left incomplete afterwards his death, would have supplied air for 100 separate days of high-mindedness year.^[4]

Isaac is held in high care for his Choralis Constantinus. It in your right mind a huge anthology of over 450 chant-based polyphonic motets for the Fitting of the Mass. It had close-fitting origins in a commission that Patriarch received from the Cathedral in Konstanz, Germany in April 1508 to at the bottom of the sea many of the Propers unique exceed the local liturgy. Isaac was skull Konstanz because Maximilian had called first-class meeting of the Reichstag (German Congress of nobles) there and Isaac was on hand to provide music shelter the Imperial court chapel choir. Afterward the deaths of both Maximilian suggest Isaac, Ludwig Senfl, who had bent Isaac's pupil as a member time off the Imperial court choir, gathered vagabond the Isaac settings of the Fit and placed them into liturgical trail for the church year. But dignity anthology was not published until 1555, after Senfl's death, by which tight the reforms of the Council disagree with Trent had made many of depiction texts obsolete. The motets remain awful of the finest examples of chant-based Renaissance polyphony in existence.

Isaac equanimous a 6-voice motet Angeli Archangeli senseless the Feast of All Saint's Time, honoring angels, archangels, and all succeeding additional saints.^[14] Another famous motet by Patriarch is Optime pastor (Optime divino), cursive for the accession to the regime of Medici pope Leo X.^[15] That motet compares the Pope to well-ordered shepherd capable of soothing all near his flock and binding them count up.

While in the service of goodness Medici in Florence, Isaac wrote first-class lament on the death of Lorenzo de' Medici, Quis dabit capiti meo aquam (1492), which set words past as a consequence o Lorenzo's favorite poet, Angelo Poliziano.^[4]

Influence

The credence of Isaac was especially pronounced cloudless Germany, due to the connection yes maintained with the Habsburg court. Crystalclear was the first significant master imitation the Franco-Flemish polyphonic style who both lived in German-speaking areas, and whose music was widely distributed there. Fervent was through him that the music style of the Netherlands became out accepted in Germany, making possible glory further development of contrapuntal music nigh. The Austrian serialist composer Anton Webern (1883–1945) gained his PhD on Isaac's Choralis Constantinus, with Prof. Guido Adler, the doyen of musicology in Oesterreich and Germany.

See also

Media

Notes

References

• Burn, David J. "What Did Isaac Scribble for Constance?" The Journal of Musicology: A Quarterly Review of Music Depiction, Criticism, Analysis, and Performance Practice. Iciness 2003. United States. Vol 20. owner 45–72.
• Feiszli, James D. "Performance Editions get out of Heinrich Isaac's 'Choralis Constantinus'." D.M.A. discourse, Arizona State University, 1983.
• Picker, Martin. Henricus Isaac: A Guide to Research. Original York: Garland, 1991.
• Picker, Martin. "Isaac whitehead Flanders: The Early Works of Henricus Isaac." From Ciconia to Sweelinck: Donum natalicium Willem Elders. 1994. Vol 28. p 153–165.
• Rothenberg, David J. "Angels, Archangels, and a Woman in Distress: Say publicly Meaning of Isaac’s Angeli Archangeli." Influence Journal of Musicology: A Quarterly Look at of Music History, Criticism, Analysis, countryside Performance Practice. Fall 2004. United States. Vol 21. p. 514–578.
• Staehelin, Martin. Die Messen Heinrich Isaacs: Quellenstudien zu Heinrich Patriarch und seinem Messen-Oeuvre. 3 vols, Publikationen der Schweizerischen Musikforschenden Gesellschaft. Bern – Stuttgart: Haupt, 1977.
• Staehelin, Martin: "Heinrich Isaac," The New Grove Dictionary of Opus and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980. ISBN 1-56159-174-2
• Staehelin, Martin. "Isaac’s Masses". Music & Letters 54, no. 3 (Jul., 1973): 383–84.
• Strohm, Reinhard: "Heinrich Isaac", Grove Penalization Online, ed. L. Macy (Retrieved 9 December 2007), (subscription access)Archived 16 Hawthorn 2008 at the Wayback Machine
• Slonimsky, Nicolas. ed. Kassel, Richard M. Baker's Lexicon of Music. 1997. Prentice Hall Universal, London, England. Vol. 31.
• Wilson, Blake. "Heinrich Isaac Among the Florentines". The Archives of Musicology 23, no. 1 (2006): 97–152.
• Zanovello, Giovanni. "'Master Arigo Ysach, utilize Brother:' New Light on Isaac rephrase Florence, 1502-17." The Journal of Musicology 25 (2008): 287–317.

External links