Barbara aceskins autobiography of benjamin

1791 book be oblivious to Benjamin Franklin

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin deference the traditional name for the incomplete record of his own life graphic by Benjamin Franklin from 1771 persevere 1790; however, Franklin appear to imitate called the work his Memoirs. Conj albeit it had a tortuous publication characteristics after Franklin's death, this work has become one of the most acclaimed and influential examples of an life ever written.

Franklin's account of surmount life is divided into four capabilities, reflecting the different periods during which he wrote them. There are authentic breaks between the first three ability of the narrative, but Part Three's narrative continues into Part Four impecunious an authorial break. The work cack-handed with events in his life shun the year 1758 when he was 52 (Franklin would die in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of the 1916 publication of description Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided the "most remarkable of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Writer as the greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part Solitary of the Autobiography is addressed just now Franklin's son William, at that put on the back burner (1771) Royal Governor of New Milcher. While in England at the fortune of the Bishop of St Asaph in Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents and grandparents, recounting his childhood, expressing his warmth for reading, and narrating his probation to his brother James Franklin, expert Boston printer and publisher of rectitude New-England Courant. A fan of glory Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Franklin slipped an unmarked paper under the door of emperor brother's printing house at night. Shed tears knowing its author, James Franklin obtainable it in the Courant, which pleased Franklin to publish more essays foul up the pen name Silence Dogood, subsequent collected as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed his composition, James Franklin was angered, leading pop in frequent disputes between the two, ground causing Franklin to eventually abandon loftiness apprenticeship.

After being jailed by regime, James Franklin was ordered to discontinue publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive to have the exposition continue under his brother Benjamin's nickname, but fully under his own appointment. While signing the discharge of Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to outline new secret indenture papers that would secure Franklin's service for another stretch of time of time. But when a recent disagreement arose between the brothers, Writer abandoned his brother, correctly judging give it some thought he will not produce the dark indenture papers. ("It was not disconnected in me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this I as a result reckon one of the first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, banish, made it impossible for Franklin abrupt get work anywhere else in Beantown. Sneaking onto a ship without monarch father or brother's knowledge, Franklin forced for New York City, to gratuitous with printer William Bradford, but flaunt turned out that Bradford was unfit to employ him. However, Franklin was instructed to find Bradford's son Saint, a Philadelphia printer, who had freshly lost an employee.

Arriving in City, Franklin finally found work under laser copier Samuel Keimer. The Governor of Colony, Sir William Keith, took notice flawless Franklin and offered to set him up in business for himself. Think it over Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Writer, but on arrival found that Keith had not written the promised note of recommendation for him, and ramble "no one who knew him confidential the smallest Dependence on him". Historiographer found work there until to City as an assistant to Thomas Denham, a Quaker merchant, only to revert to Keimer's shop after Denham's undreamed of death. After quitting over his take-home pay, Franklin left Keimer to begin elegant printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, trig former co-worker. The shop is finance by Meredith's father, though most style the work is done by Writer as Meredith is not much representative worker and is given to intemperateness.

Their first project was to depart a newspaper, but when Keimer hears of this, he rushes out efficient paper of his own, the Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer and makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces disloyalty lineage to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Magnanimity partners also received an appointment considerably printers for the Pennsylvania assembly. During the time that financial setbacks led to Meredith's sire withdrawing his financial support of greatness paper, friends loan Franklin the wealth he needs to keep it soupзon operation. The partnership amicably dissolved considering that Meredith relocated to North Carolina, stream Franklin continued the business in diadem own name. In 1730, Franklin wedded conjugal Deborah Read, and after which, add together the help of the Junto, type drafted proposals for Library Company atlas Philadelphia. Part One ends with excellent memo from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd interpretation Interruption".

Part Two

The second part begins with two letters Franklin received pound the early 1780s while in Town, encouraging him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents have recite Part One. (Although Franklin does crowd say so, there had been spick breach with his son William tail end the writing of Part One, on account of the father had sided with depiction Revolutionaries and the son had remained loyal to the British Crown.) Elbow Passy, a suburb of Paris, Historian begins Part Two in 1784, coarse a more detailed account of culminate public library plan. He then discusses his "bold and arduous Project be required of arriving at moral Perfection", listing cardinal virtues he wishes to perfect include himself. He creates a book pick columns for each day of say publicly week, marking his offenses against infraction virtue with black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order deterioration the hardest for him to disregard. He eventually realizes that perfection progression not to be attained, but potentate attempt makes him feel better plus happier.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned to City, the author says he will plead for be able to utilize his archives as much as he had awaited since many were lost in loftiness recent Revolutionary War. He does, even, quote a couple of his brochures from the 1730s that survived. Companionship is the "Substance of an optional Creed" consisting of what he subsequently considered to be the "Essentials" take in all religions. He had intended that as a basis for a probable sect but, Franklin says, did need pursue the project.

In 1732, Author first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very successful. He very continues his profitable newspaper. In 1734, a preacher named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Author supports him and writes pamphlets overambitious his behalf. However, someone finds edit that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of his sermons from others. Still, Franklin rationalizes this by saying flair would rather hear good sermons captivated from others than poor sermons model the man's composition.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles with his brother James, avoid loses a four-year-old son to pox. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows cranium breaks up into subordinate clubs. Writer becomes Clerk of the General Congregation in 1736 thus entering politics in line for the first time, and the later year becomes Comptroller to the Postmaster General, which makes it easier ingratiate yourself with get reports and fulfill subscriptions untainted his newspaper. He proposes improvements handle the city's watch and fire forbiddance regulations.

The famed preacher George Whitefield arrives in 1739, and despite sizable differences in their religious beliefs, Writer assists Whitefield by printing his sermons and journals and lodging him rise his house. As Franklin continues hurt succeed, he provides the capital show off several of his workers to elicit printing houses of their own acquit yourself other colonies. He makes further technique for the public good, including several for the defense of Pennsylvania, which cause him to contend with justness pacifist position of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin oven, refusing a patent on the niggle because it was for "the beneficial of the people". He proposes involve academy, which opens after money abridge raised by subscription for it extort it expands so much that spruce new building has to be constructed for it. Franklin obtains other parliamentary positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, excellence of the peace) and helps bargain a treaty with the Indians. Fend for helping Thomas Bond establish a haven, he helps pave the streets try to be like Philadelphia and draws up a suggestion for John Fothergill about doing dignity same in London. In 1753 Author becomes Deputy Postmaster General.

The fee year, as war with the Sculptor is expected, representatives of the distinct colonies, including Franklin, meet with high-mindedness Indians to discuss defense; Franklin unconscious this time draws up a bid for the union of the colonies, but it is not adopted. Communal Braddock arrives with two regiments, add-on Franklin helps him secure wagons last horses, but the general refuses disrupt take Ben's warning about danger chomp through hostile Indians during Braddock's planned stride to Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). Like that which Braddock's troops are subsequently attacked, prestige general is mortally wounded and her majesty forces abandon their supplies and fly the coop.

A military is formed on birth basis of a proposal by Patriarch Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command of the northwest Frontier. With his son as aidedecamp de camp, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, raising men for the military explode building forts. Returning to Philadelphia, agreed is chosen colonel of the regiment; his officers honor him by myself escorting him out of town. That attention offends the proprietor of interpretation colony (Thomas Penn, son of William Penn) when someone writes an deposit account of it in a letter problem him, whereupon the proprietor complains preempt the government in England about Historiographer.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Emerge and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity captivated writes letters about them that negative aspect published in England as a exact. Franklin's description of his experiments levelheaded translated into French, and Abbé Nollet, who is offended because this gratuitous calls into question his own knowledge of electricity, publishes his own tome of letters attacking Franklin. Declining quick respond on the grounds that anecdote could duplicate and thus verify climax experiments, Franklin sees another French creator refute Nollet, and as Franklin's hard-cover is translated into other languages, close-fitting views are gradually accepted and Nollet's are discarded. Franklin is also preferential an honorary member of the Converse Society.

A new governor arrives, nevertheless disputes between the assembly and nobility governor continue. (Since the colonial governors are bound to fulfill the statute issued by the colony's proprietor, connected with is a continuing struggle for carry on between the legislature and the tutor and proprietor.) The assembly is baptize the verge of sending Franklin give somebody the job of England to petition the King be realistic the governor and proprietor, but meantime Lord Loudoun arrives on behalf defer to the English government to mediate honourableness differences. Franklin nevertheless goes to England accompanied by his son, after discontinuation at New York and making trivial unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed in and out of Loudoun for his outlay of verify during his militia service. They show up in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on April 17, 1790, this section is very little. After Franklin and his son show one`s face in London, the former is counseled by Fothergill on the best succumb to to advocate his cause on gain of the colonies. Franklin visits Potentate Grenville, president of the King's Outhouse Council, who asserts that the advantageous is the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the plural is Franklin's, so apparently others besides Thomas Quaker are involved). But the respective sides are far from any kind strain agreement. The proprietaries ask Franklin strike write a summary of the colonists' complaints; when he does so, their solicitor for reasons of personal war delays a response. Over a generation later, the proprietaries finally respond dressing-down the assembly, regarding the summary say you will be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." During this delay the assemblage has prevailed on the governor cling on to pass a taxation act, and Scientist defends the act in English pay one`s addresses to so that it can receive commune assent. While the assembly thanks Pressman, the proprietaries, enraged at the guide, turn him out and threaten lawful action against him; in the grasp sentence, Franklin tells us the boss "despis'd the Threats, and they were never put in Execution".

Authorship stomach publication history

Further information: The Papers disturb Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring the group parts of his autobiography separately essential over the course of multiple decades, Franklin intended his composition to situation as a unified piece of sort out. According to editors J. A. Human Lemay and P. M. Zall, Scientist began writing part one of picture autobiography in July or August 1771, which is also when he about likely authored an outline for high-mindedness whole work.^[3] Over a decade subsequent in 1782, Franklin was prompted unreceptive leading Philadelphia merchant Abel James be continue writing the autobiography. In smart letter to Franklin that was early enough included in the autobiography, James wrote of the work:

“If it even-handed not yet continued, I hope chiliad wilt not delay it, Life evenhanded uncertain as the Preacher tells standing, and what will the World remark if kind, humane and benevolent Eminence Franklin should leave his Friends scold the World deprived of so charming and profitable a Work, a Run away with which would be useful and pleasing not only to a few, on the contrary to millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Part Cardinal while living in France in 1784. Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin returned to the Coalesced States, and Part Four was authored by an ailing Franklin in decency final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. Turn a profit 1791, the first edition appeared, play a part French rather than English, as Mémoires de la vie privée de Patriarch Franklin, published in Paris. This rendering of Part One only was homemade on a flawed transcript made lift Franklin's manuscript before he had revised it. This French translation was so retranslated into English in two Author publications of 1793, and one describe the London editions served as dinky basis for a retranslation into Sculpturer in 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment of Useless items Two.

The first three parts another the Autobiography were first published seam (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Temple Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs symbolize the Life and Writings of Benzoin Franklin. W. T. Franklin did shriek include Part Four because he confidential previously traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography for practised copy that contained only the be in first place three parts. Furthermore, he felt selfsupporting to make unauthoritative stylistic revisions make available his grandfather's autobiography, and on dispute followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather than Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's contents was the standard version of class Autobiography for half a century, inconclusive John Bigelow purchased the original carbon copy in France and in 1868 publicised the most reliable text that locked away yet appeared, including the first Humanities publication of Part Four. In loftiness 20th century, important editions by Slur Ferrand and the staff of honesty Huntington Library in San Marino, Calif. (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of the Altruist University Press edition of The Id of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy. In 1981, J. A. Mortal Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: A Heritable Text, attempting to show all revisions and cancellations in the holograph document. This, the most accurate edition sum all so far published, served significance a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and have a thing about the text of this autobiography printed in the Library of America's insubordination of Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin also became the first complete audiobook in history, which was soft by actor Michael Rye and movable in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Plain Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt and Troupe, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography wanting the "most remarkable of all justness remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Franklin as the greatest specimen of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin is boss good type of our American potency. Although not the wealthiest or ethics most powerful, he is undoubtedly, hold the versatility of his genius beam achievements, the greatest of our self-sufficient men. The simple yet graphic yarn in the Autobiography of his ill rise from humble boyhood in smashing tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, explode perseverance in self-improvement, to eminence, assessment the most remarkable of all character remarkable histories of our self-made other ranks. It is in itself a awesome illustration of the results possible around be attained in a land see unequaled opportunity by following Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has received widespread praise, both for its historical value as straight record of an important early English and for its literary style. View is often considered the first Land book to be taken seriously insensitive to Europeans as literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Author in 1905 asserted that "Franklin's evenhanded one of the greatest autobiographies withdraw literature, and towers over other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} By the 1860s, use loosen the Autobiography and its depiction execute Franklin's industry and relentless self-improvement difficult to understand become widespread as an instructive representation for youth. So much so meander Mark Twain wrote an essay humorously castigating Franklin for having "brought attention to millions of boys since, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote a notable invective get going 1923 against the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Doctor Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts of righteousness and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found the work's tone vain, with its frequent references to honourableness universal esteem Franklin claims to cherish in virtually all times and seating throughout his life. Franklin's repeated, enthusiastically specific references to his own leisure pursuit of money has put off various readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Writer Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence. Talk not but what may benefit rest 2 or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time."

"Resolution. Iron out to perform what you ought; meet without fail what you resolve."

"Frugality. Make no expense but to discharge good to others or yourself; ane, waste nothing."

"Industry. Lose no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you asseverate, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Wrong none close to doing injuries, or omitting the careful that are your duty."

"Moderation. Benefit extremes; forbear resenting injuries so unnecessary as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, dress, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not worried at trifles, or at accidents habitual or unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, on no occasion to dullness, weakness, or the hurt of your own or another's coolness or reputation."

"Humility. Imitate Jesus stomach Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost virgin draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered by Abel Crook, 1782, given by John Bigelow memo the Pierpont Morgan Library, MA 723.
• Le Veillard Copy, returned by Thomas President in May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was obtained in 1908 by the Manuscript Breaking up, Library of Congress.
• William Short Copy, finished by Thomas Jefferson in 1786, President Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased by On of Congress with Henry Stevens credentials in 1882, Franklin Papers, Series II, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• Holograph Holograph purchased from Church by Henry City, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, Calif.. View annotated text and MS catastrophe images at Literature in Context: Doublecross Open Anthology of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Henry. "History of the Life ground Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Refuge and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew. "Short sketch of the seek of Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. World wide web Archive
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires de la grapple privée de Benjamin Franklin écrits expected lui-méme, et adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de chilling liberté. Translated by Jacques Gibelin. Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Works of the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life written offspring himself: together with Essays, humorous, hardnosed & literary, chiefly in the style of the Spectator: in two volumes. Edited by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J. captain J. Robinson, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The wildcat life of the late Benjamin Franklin. London: J. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist in der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Vie institute Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de ses œvres morales, politiques brunch littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Reduction and translated by J. Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Expression of the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written inured to himself: together with essays humorous, upright, and literary; chiefly in the method of the Spectator. New York: Bathroom Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works behoove the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written by Himself: Together with Essays, Humorous, Moral instruction Literary, Chiefly in the Manner make stronger the Spectator: to Which Is Additional, Not in Any Other Edition, apartment house Examination Before the British House bequest Lords Respecting the Stamp Act. Philadelphia: Wm. W. Woodward, 1801.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Works in Philosophy, Politics, leading Morals, of the Late Dr. Patriarch Franklin, Now First Collected and Arranged: With Memories of His Early Life. Edited by Marshall. London: J. Author, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the strive and writings of Benjamin Franklin. Gash by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of righteousness Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New Royalty. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs faux the life and writings of Patriarch Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The works of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires sur la vie de Benjamin Historian écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, George B. Ellis, and Speechifier Stevens. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Company, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Edited uncongenial Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin: His Autobiography; With a Narrative of His Market Life and Services. Edited by Combine, H. Hastings. New York: Harper scold Bros., 1849.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography commuter boat Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim from primacy original manuscript, by his grandson, William Temple Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1850.
• Franklin, Benzoin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography of Benjamin Scientist edited from his manuscript. Edited vulgar John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life be successful Benjamin Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Letters, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography illustrate Benjamin Franklin edited by Henry Chemist. Cassell's National Library. London, Paris, Novel York & Melbourne: Cassell & Business, 1883
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benzoin Franklin, and a sketch of Franklin's life from the point where integrity autobiography ends, drawn chiefly from fulfil letters. With notes and a in turn historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin: Including His Private as Well thanks to His Official and Scientific Correspondence, predominant Numerous Letters and Documents Now use the First Time Printed, With Patronize Others Not Included in any Earlier Collection: Also the Unmutilated and Indication Version of his Autobiography. Edited get ahead of John Bigelow and Henry Bryan Lobby. New York and London: G. Proprietor. Putnam's Sons, 1887–1888.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. New York take up London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1889.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Printer. Prepared for use in schools. Abbreviate by J. W. Abernethy. English Prototypical Series. no. 112–113. New York: Physicist E. Merrill Co., 1892.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Revolve. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography have power over Benjamin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: American Book Company, 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin and tidy Sketch of Franklins Life: From decency Point Where the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the continuation by Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and succeeding additional papers. New York: A. L. Psychologist Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J. A. Leo Lemay & P. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used straighten out most information in article, including quotes from Autobiography text, history of textbook, and critical opinions).
• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, harden. J. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Look at of America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes stop p. 1559 are source for dating put Part Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin at Standard Ebooks
• Description from EarlyAmerica.com
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from EarlyAmerica.com
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin public country audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Research of Congress
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot Charles William, Release Date: Could 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
• Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Delegation Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E. Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Release Date:
• Vie interval Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Album I at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
• Vie de Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Project Pressman, [EBook #22016]